The Polycystioc Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting between thousands of women worldwide. Since some women are asymptomatic, it is particularly hard for them to detect the condition. Only when it becomes problematic, such in cases of disability to conceive women turn to their doctors to ask for their expert advice and seek treatment. On the other hand, some women have quite pronounced symptoms, including obesity, acne and/or skin pigmentation, hirsutism, male-pattern hair growth or baldness, weight gain and insulin resistance. In addition, records of high blood pressure have also occurred, as well as dizziness, exhaustion and depression. Extremely important are also the psychosocial effects of PCOS, as suffering women tend to have poor body image and low self-esteem.

While PCOS is not a rare health case, the causes of PCOS are unclear. Recent studies indicate both genetic and environmental/lifestyle links. Specifically, doctors attest that about 25 percent of women have ovaries that can be diagnosed as polycystic on an ultrasound examination. This condition is called Polycystic Ovaries (PCO) and it can occur for a number of reasons. But women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) do not necessarily suffer from PCOS. Those having the syndrome have cysts that actually contain small follicles, which have not matured to release an egg.

In countries were special examinations exist, doctors are able to diagnose PCOS when other typical PCOS symptoms are present, but the ovaries appear to be normal. Most frequently, women with PCOS will have more than one of the following symptoms: irregular or only occasional periods, which may be very heavy when they occur; polycystic ovaries; difficulty becoming pregnant; problems with weight gain and increased upper body fat; excessive facial hair growth or occasional loss of head hair; acne or skin pigmentation; and increased blood lipids. As any one of these symptoms can be caused by other health conditions, it is important for women to investigate all the possibilities with their doctor before taking any form of medication.

Unfortunately, although research and knowledge is evolving rapidly, PCOS is not yet fully understood by practitioners. In particular, while doctors know that certain hormones are affected, they do not known where and how the changes begin or why some women will have different symptoms compared to others. In most cases, the hormones typically affected by PCOS are androgens-male-type hormones, such as testosterone-which are present in low levels in all women. But the women having PCOS have higher levels of androgens causing a variety of health problems like the ones mentioned above. Moreover, the hormone of insulin can be also affected. This is extremely serious, as women with PCOS may become insulin resistant, which can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of forming diabetes later in their life. Also, other hormones affected include the luteinising hormone (LH) and the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). The outcome is that the follicles in the ovary do not mature and thus prevent the ovary from releasing an egg that will lead to a normal monthly cycle.

Oral contraceptives are usually subscribed by doctors since the chemical substances they release can be used to assist with irregular periods and will help protect women with PCOS against uterine cancer. But before taking any type of oral contraceptives, women found to have PCOS must consult with their doctor about the best form medicine for their specific case.

Finally, women with or without PCOS should focus on creating and maintaining a lifestyle that will keep them fit and healthy. Frequent diet changes and weight increase or loss due to irregular eating patterns, should be definitely avoided. Furthermore, exercising should be one of the first priorities women with PCOS should have, as regular exercise can help reduce the insulin levels in the blood and encourage weight loss. However, some women with PCOS will find it very difficult to manage their weight. But, even in cases where weight loss is not necessary, symptoms are improved via a healthier diet and an exercise plan.

Our eyes are vulnerable to some diseases as we age. When we are over forty, we may suffer from presbyopia; when we are over fifty, we may suffer from Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), which can always lead to irreversible blindness. Here we are going to introduce something about AMD and some methods of prevention. The mechanism of AMD is the blood vessels in our eyes may become very fragile and the blood flow into our eye tissues. The most direct result is blurriness as a result of macular degeneration. However, as the conditions get even worse, our eyes will be in complete blindness.

That’s to say; once the macular is damaged or thinned, our vision will be influenced. The reason is our retinas are protected by the macular pigment from coming light. The thinner our macular pigment is, the worse our eyes are. In fact, some substances play very important role in the protection of our eyes. For example, Lutein is a very effective antioxidant substance than are very useful in the protection of macula.

The scientists have not found such a method currently that can be employed in the cure of Macula Degeneration. But prevention is much important than treatment. Some very common methods can be used for the prevention of such diseases. Following are they.

We should first know what AMD is and what the cause of it is. Some bad habits can reduce the density of macula pigment. Such as, smoking and drinking alcohol can be very irritating for the macula; working under too bright light, as the sun and computer, can also reduce the density of the pigment. As mentioned above that lutein is very effective antioxidant substance which can help slow the process of macula degeneration. In this sense, it is very essential for us to intake foods that are abundant with lutein.

In fact, other materials can also help to slow the process of AMD. Thus, we should intake more other vitamins and mineral, while ingesting lutein. Some eye doctors recommend that there are four substances that are vital for the health of our eyes. The first one is, no doubt, lutein that is a kind of very effective antioxidant substance. It is very nice for us to use some lutein pills that are extracted from marigold plant. It is true that these pills are expensive, but effective.

The matter of fragility in the blood vessels can also be prevented by taking Bilberry in which flavanoids and anthocyanin are contained. Our eye muscles can be benefited a lot from this substance. Taking such pills everyday is essential.

The problem of bad elasticity in the blood vessels can also be avoided by intaking some grape seeds extract. If our blood vessels lose their elasticity, we will suffer a lot. These pills can help prompt the circulation of our blood. Take some everyday.

The commonest Vitamin C is still very important, for it is essential for the synthesis of some tissues. Like lutein, it is also an antioxidant substance. Take some Vitamins C pills everyday.

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The interior of the eye is filled with a fluid, aqueous humor. The eye is constructed to allow occasional draining or discharge of some of this fluid to prevent the internal pressure of the eye from becoming too great. When glaucoma is present, the drainage mechanism has been interrupted, leading to increasing pressure. This normally occurs without causing pain or other noticeable symptoms, and often is not detected until significant damage to the eye has already been done.

Pigmentary glaucoma occurs as the result of a condition known as the pigment dispersion syndrome. Pigment granules are normally attached to the back of the iris. These granules can sometimes flake off into the aqueous humor, and eventually find their way to the interior eye drainage canals where, over a period of time, the granules will begin to block the canals. Once that happens, the pressure on the interior of the eye will begin to increase. At the point where this pressure begins to cause damage to the optic nerve, the pigment dispersion syndrome has developed into pigmentary glaucoma.

This rare disease occurs in men more so than women, and tends to strike men in their twenties and thirties. In addition, myopic (nearsighted) people seem to be at a slightly higher risk of contracting pigmentary glaucoma than for those having normal vision or are farsighted. Sometimes, the first, and only, signs that the condition is present, comes during or immediately following exercise, such as jumping or jogging, where vision may become temporarily blurred. More often than not though, noticeable symptoms do not occur.

Pigmentary glaucoma is treatable when not too far advanced. Treatment is designed to prevent a further flaking off of the pigment granules, and usually is in the form of eye drops, Optipranlol and Xalatan being two medications commonly prescribed. In addition there is a class of drugs called miotics, which sometimes are called into play. Most of these treatments cause no significant side effects, though incidences of blurred vision sometimes occur which may restrict their use. In recent years, laser surgery has been employed to open the drainage canals and relieve the pressure. Another laser-based treatment is to create a small hole in the iris. This results in the iris moving slightly away from the lens, lessening the chance of pigment dispersion which occurs when lens fibers scrape against the iris.

Other types of glaucoma generally strike in later years, although myopic individuals are still slightly more at risk, and tend to get the disease earlier in life. No matter what ones age is, glaucoma of any type is a threat to ones vision and any problems associated with vision should be promptly looked into.

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